SpringBoot 整合 elasticsearch

一、简介

我们的应用经常需要添加检索功能,开源的 ElasticSearch 是目前全文搜索引擎的 首选。他可以快速的存储、搜索和分析海量数据。Spring Boot通过整合Spring Data ElasticSearch为我们提供了非常便捷的检索功能支持;
Elasticsearch是一个分布式搜索服务,提供Restful API,底层基于Lucene,采用 多shard(分片)的方式保证数据安全,并且提供自动resharding的功能,github 等大型的站点也是采用了ElasticSearch作为其搜索服务,

二、安装elasticsearch

我们采用 docker镜像安装的方式。

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#下载镜像
docker pull elasticsearch
#启动镜像,elasticsearch 启动是会默认分配2G的内存 ,我们启动是设置小一点,防止我们内存不够启动失败
#9200是elasticsearch 默认的web通信接口,9300是分布式情况下,elasticsearch个节点通信的端口
docker run -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx256m" -d -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --name es01 5c1e1ecfe33a

访问 127.0.0.1:9200 如下图,说明安装成功

三、elasticsearch的一些概念

  • 员工文档 的形式存储为例:一个文档代表一个员工数据。存储数据到 ElasticSearch 的行为叫做索引 ,但在索引一个文档之前,需要确定将文档存 储在哪里。
  • 一个 ElasticSearch 集群可以 包含多个索引 ,相应的每个索引可以包含多个类型。这些不同的类型存储着多个文档 ,每个文档又有 多个 属性
  • 类似关系:
    • 索引-数据库
    • 类型-表
    • 文档-表中的记录 – 属性-列

elasticsearch使用可以参早官方文档,在这里不在讲解。

四、整合 elasticsearch

创建项目 springboot-elasticsearch,引入web支持
SpringBoot 提供了两种方式操作elasticsearch,Jest 和 SpringData。

Jest 操作 elasticsearch

Jest是ElasticSearch的Java HTTP Rest客户端。

ElasticSearch已经有一个Java API,ElasticSearch也在内部使用它,但是Jest填补了空白,它是ElasticSearch Http Rest接口缺少的客户端。

1. pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.gf</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-elasticsearch</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>springboot-elasticsearch</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.searchbox</groupId>
<artifactId>jest</artifactId>
<version>5.3.3</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>


</project>

2. application.properties

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spring.elasticsearch.jest.uris=http://127.0.0.1:9200

3. Article

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package com.gf.entity;


import io.searchbox.annotations.JestId;

public class Article {

@JestId
private Integer id;
private String author;
private String title;
private String content;

public Integer getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}

public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}

public String getTitle() {
return title;
}

public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}

public String getContent() {
return content;
}

public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( "{\"Article\":{" );
sb.append( "\"id\":" )
.append( id );
sb.append( ",\"author\":\"" )
.append( author ).append( '\"' );
sb.append( ",\"title\":\"" )
.append( title ).append( '\"' );
sb.append( ",\"content\":\"" )
.append( content ).append( '\"' );
sb.append( "}}" );
return sb.toString();
}


}

4. springboot测试类

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package com.gf;

import com.gf.entity.Article;
import io.searchbox.client.JestClient;
import io.searchbox.core.Index;
import io.searchbox.core.Search;
import io.searchbox.core.SearchResult;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.io.IOException;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringbootElasticsearchApplicationTests {

@Autowired
JestClient jestClient;

@Test
public void createIndex() {
//1. 给ES中索引(保存)一个文档
Article article = new Article();
article.setId( 1 );
article.setTitle( "好消息" );
article.setAuthor( "张三" );
article.setContent( "Hello World" );

//2. 构建一个索引
Index index = new Index.Builder( article ).index( "gf" ).type( "news" ).build();
try {
//3. 执行
jestClient.execute( index );
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

@Test
public void search() {
//查询表达式
String query = "{\n" +
" \"query\" : {\n" +
" \"match\" : {\n" +
" \"content\" : \"hello\"\n" +
" }\n" +
" }\n" +
"}";

//构建搜索功能
Search search = new Search.Builder( query ).addIndex( "gf" ).addType( "news" ).build();

try {
//执行
SearchResult result = jestClient.execute( search );
System.out.println(result.getJsonString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}

}

Jest的更多api ,可以参照github的文档:https://github.com/searchbox-io/Jest

SpringData 操作 elasticsearch

1. application.properties

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spring.data.elasticsearch.cluster-name=elasticsearch
spring.data.elasticsearch.cluster-nodes=127.0.0.1:9300

2. Book

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package com.gf.entity;

@Document( indexName = "gf" , type = "book")
public class Book {
private Integer id;
private String bookName;
private String author;

public Integer getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getBookName() {
return bookName;
}

public void setBookName(String bookName) {
this.bookName = bookName;
}

public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}

public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder( "{\"Book\":{" );
sb.append( "\"id\":" )
.append( id );
sb.append( ",\"bookName\":\"" )
.append( bookName ).append( '\"' );
sb.append( ",\"author\":\"" )
.append( author ).append( '\"' );
sb.append( "}}" );
return sb.toString();
}

}

3. BookRepository

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package com.gf.repository;


import com.gf.entity.Book;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<Book, Integer>{

List<Book> findByBookNameLike(String bookName);

}

4. springboot 测试类

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package com.gf;

import com.gf.entity.Article;
import com.gf.entity.Book;
import com.gf.repository.BookRepository;
import io.searchbox.client.JestClient;
import io.searchbox.core.Index;
import io.searchbox.core.Search;
import io.searchbox.core.SearchResult;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringbootElasticsearchApplicationTests {

@Autowired
BookRepository bookRepository;

@Test
public void createIndex2(){
Book book = new Book();
book.setId(1);
book.setBookName("西游记");
book.setAuthor( "吴承恩" );
bookRepository.index( book );
}

@Test
public void useFind() {
List<Book> list = bookRepository.findByBookNameLike( "游" );
for (Book book : list) {
System.out.println(book);
}

}

}

我们启动测试 ,发现报错 。

这个报错的原因是springData的版本与我elasticsearch的版本有冲突,下午是springData官方文档给出的适配表。

我们使用的springdata elasticsearch的 版本是3.1.3 ,对应的版本应该是6.2.2版本,而我们是的 elasticsearch 是 5.6.9,所以目前我们需要更换elasticsearch的版本为6.X

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docker pull elasticsearch:6.5.1
docker run -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx256m" -d -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --name es02 镜像ID

访问127.0.0.1:9200

集群名为docker-cluster,所以我们要修改application.properties的配置了

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spring.data.elasticsearch.cluster-name=docker-cluster
spring.data.elasticsearch.cluster-nodes=127.0.0.1:9300

我们再次进行测试,测试可以通过了 。我们访问http://127.0.0.1:9200/gf/book/1,可以得到我们存入的索引信息。

源码下载:https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringBootLearning